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Interesting fact about antonymy is that most (probably all) languages have morphological processes which can create antonyms. As Lyons writes: In many languages, including English, the most commonly used opposites tend to be morphologically unrelated (good:bad, high:low, beautiful:ugly, big:small, old:young). But these are outnumbered in the vocabulary by such morphologically related pairs as married:unmarried, friendly:unfriendly, formal:informal, legitimate:illegitimate, etc. (Lyons 1977, 275)
In traditional termijology. antonyms are words which are opposite in meaning. It is useful, however, to identify several different types of relationship under a more general label of opposition. There are a number of relations which seem to involve words which are at the same time related in meaning yet incompatible or contrasting; we lists some of them below.
Simple antonym, this is a relation between words such that the positive of one implies the negative of the other. The pairs are also sometimes called complementary pairs of binary pairs. in effect, the words form a two term classification, examples ;
dead / alive (of e.g. animal) off / on
pass / fail (a test) forget / remember
hit / miss (a target) right / wrong
start / finish man / woman
So, Pairs of complementary antonyms represent the two opposite possibilities. (There is no continuum, or middle-ground, as in the examples above.) For example, one is either married, or single . In using these words literally, dead implies not alive, etc. which explains the semantics oddness of sentences like:

My pets python is dead but luckily it’s still alive.
Of course speakers can creatively change these two-term classification for special effects: we can speak of someone being half dead; or we know that in horror films the undead are not alive in the normal sense.
Gradable Antonym, this is a relationship between opposites where the positive of one term does not necessarily imply the negative of the other, e.g. rich / poor, fast/ slow. young/ old. beautiful / ugly. this relation is typically associated with adjectives and two major identifying characteristics: firstly, there are usually intermediate terms so that between the gradable antonym hot and cold we can find:
hot (warm tepid cool) cold
This means of course that something may be neither hot not cold. Secondly, the terms are usually relative, so a thick pencil is likely to be thinner than a thin girl; and a late dinosaur fossil is earlier than an early Elvis record. A third characteristic is that in some pairs ine term is more basic and common, so for example of the pair pair long / short, it is more natural to ask of something How long is it? and How cold is it? are equally natural depending on context. Other examples of gradable antonyms are:
tall / short clever/ stupid interesting / boring
best / worst intelegent / stupid early / late
quick / slow violent / gentle misserable / happy
Reverses, the characteristics reverse relation is between terms describing movement, where one term describes movement in one direction,  , and the other the same movement in the opposite direction,  ; for example the terms push and pull on a swing door, which tell you in which direction to apply force. Other such pairs are come / go, go / return, ascend / descend. When describing motion the following can be called reverses: (go) up/ down, (go) in / out, (turn) right / left.
By extension, the term is also applied to any process which can be reversed: so other reverses are inflate / deflate, expand / contract, fill / empty or kuit / unravel.
Converses, these are terms which describe a relation between two entities from alternative viewpoints, as in the pairs:
own / belong to
above / below
employer / employee
Thus, if we are told Alan owns this book then we know automatically This book belongs to Alan. Or from Helen is David’s employee we know David is Helen’s employee, Again, these relations are part if a speaker’s semantic knowledge and explain why the two sentences below are paragraphrases, i.e. can be used to describe the same situation:
My office is above the library
The library us below my office
Taxonomic sisters The term antonymy is sometimes used to describe words which are at the same level in a taxonomy. Taxonomies are classification systems: we take as an example the colour adjectives in English, and give a selection below:
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Purple Brown

We can say that words red and blue are sister- members of the same taxonomy and therefore incompatible with each other. Hence one can say:
His car isn’t red, it’s blue
Other taxonomies might include the days of weeks: Sunday, Monday. Tuesday, etc., or any of the taxonomies we use to describe the natural world, like types of dog: poodle, setter, bulldog,etc. Some taxonomies are closed, like days of the week: we can’t easily ass another day, without changing the whole system. Others are open, like the flavours of icecream sold on an icecream parlour: someone can always come up with a new flavour and extend the taxonomy.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Murphy Lynne. 2003. Semantic Relation And The Lexicon. Cambridge university press :U.K.
Victoria Lynn Muehleisen.1997. Antonymy And Semantic Range In English (a dissertation). Northwestern University.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite_(semantics).

Meaning And Sentence, Utterance, And Proposition

A sentence is a string of words put together by the grammatical of rules of a language expressing a complete thought. It is neither physical event nor a physical object. For example, I am a student.

An Utterance is any sound of talk, that human produce. The characteristics of utterance are:
•It is spoken
•Physical event
•May be grammatical or not (REMEMBER, utterances do not focus on the grammatical
aspect)
•Meaningful or meaningless
•By specific person (in particular accent)
•By specific time or on particular occasion
•A piece of language (a single phrase or even a single word)

To differentiate utterance and sentence, we usually use quotation mark (“….“) in written form of utterance. For example, a piece of utterance that is spoken by certain person “I’m a student”.

A Proposition is that part of the meaning of the utterance of a declarative sentence which describes some state of affairs. Besides declarative sentence, proposition also clearly involved in the meaning of interrogatives and imperative sentences. For example, “Get out of here this minute!”, “I’m afraid that I’ll have to ask you to leave.” In these two sentences, the speaker asserted proposition.

We can entertain preposition in the mind regardless whether they are true or false,
by thinking them or believing them, but only true proposition can be known.

The relationship between reference and utterance is not as direct as that sense and proposition, but there is a similarity. Both, referring and uttering are acts performed by particular person on particular occasion. Most utterances contain one or more acts of referring. An act of referring is the picking out of a particular referent by a speaker in the course of particular utterance .

While now we discuss about the meaning, there are two kinds of meaning, they are; Literal and Non-Literal meaning. Literal meaning is usually used to express the common expression which does not interpretation, for example one afternoon we are feeling the effects of missing lunch, you might speak literally ‘ I’m Hungry’. While non-Literal uses of languages are traditionall called Figurative and are described by a host rhetorical terms including metaphor, irony, metonomy, synecdoche, and litotes, as like in these sentence ; I’m starving, I could not eat a horse, My stomach thinks my throat’s cut.

Reference:

http://fitrymayanti.blogspot.com/2009/12/sentences-utterances-and-proposition.html

About Me

Personal Identification Name : Ana Fitrotul Laila

Date of birth,Place : April 30th 1992, Kediri

Sex : Female

Nationality : Indonesian

Religion : Islam

Address : Gondang Plosoklaten Kediri

Cell : 085790519103

Education : State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya (UIN) Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Personan Description : Iam young,cheerful,well-adapted person.I have several interests. the first I like to have some business, especially culinary. Then, Teaching English especially about speaking and grammar. and the next is, includes on politicts. I started using computer since on Junior High School. I knew about Ms.Word,Excel, and Power Point at that time. then, after becoming student of Senior High school I can little bit understand about how to design at Corel Draw,Photoshop and operate MYOB(related to accounting in Economic lesson). about the teaching experience, I had ever taught English at Al-Amin Senior High school in Mojokerto for a month, since it's an obligation from my English course. I have also ever be a private English teacher and the teacher in English course.

Lesson Plan Maker

Making The good Lesson plan is the way to have a good teaching. Lesson Plan is the guidance in teaching. Lesson maker is the appropiate. tool for the teacher to make a lesson plan as soon as possible and effective. In Lesson Plan Maker, there are:

· STEP #1: HEADING

· STEP #2: TOPIC AND CONTENT

· STEP #3: GOALS, OBJECTIVES, MATERIALS

· STEP #4: PROCEDURE / METHODS

We just need to fill in the blank in every step of Lesson Plan. It’s easy, isn’t it?

To create the new lesson plan you can open this website :

http://www.teach-nology.com/web_tools/lesson_plan/

Webquest

webquest is a tool from teacher to give an assignment to the students by website, the teacher not only give the questions but also the does not only give the questions but also provides the information dealing with the questions. In my opinion,WEBQUEST is very useful for the teacher espicially in providing Reading Comprehension. The Teacher firstly can know the title of the text and the content of the text. It is interesting, because there will be a picture above the text. After that the students can answer the question and make a conclusion by discussion with another friends. It will also useful when the teacher cannot attend on the class. Here my webquest example : http://zunal.com/webquest.php?w=241761

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